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An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel …

Steel plant slags mainly include blast furnace slag and steel melting slag (open hearth or LD process slag). Various efforts have been made on the utilization of blast furnace …

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Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil

In the US and Germany, the steel slag used for sintering and smelting is more than 56% and 24% of the total steel slag, respectively (Han and Wu, 2019, Yi et al., 2012). In China, steel slag is internally recycled at a rate of ~ 7.5% of steel slag (Guo et al., 2018).

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Recycling of iron and steel slag for carbon reduction and …

1 INTRODUCTION. Blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel slag (SS), as industrial solid wastes produced in the process of steel-making, account for 80%–90% of the total smelting slag. [] BFS accounts for about 30% of pig iron output, [] while SS accounts for 10%–15% of the crude steel output. [] SS comprises various slags, including basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) (or …

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Carbothermic Smelting Reduction of Copper Slag for Fe and …

CaO-Al2O3-based refining slag, as a low-cost and low-carbon alternative to lime, has been used as a modifier in the smelting reduction of copper slag. The influence of refining slag/copper slag mass ratio (RS/CS) on the reduction behavior, metal recovery, and slag–refractory interaction was studied through experimental and thermodynamic methods. …

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Technology Production of Ore Coal Pellets from Converter-Coal Slag …

The conventional technology of making iron and steel in the blast furnace-BOF converter complex is currently at the top of the ladder in global steelmaking [] and consists of the reduction smelting of iron ore raw materials in the blast furnace, including cast iron smelt making, and the oxidative conversion of iron in the BOF converter.This complex is intended for organizing the mass-scale ...

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Steel Slag

Steel Slag is a byproduct of the iron and steel recycling process, produced by removing the molten impurities from the surface of electric arc furnace smelting pots. The molten slag is slowly cooled by a water mist until …

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Recovery of chromium from chromium-bearing slags produced …

According to the stainless-steel smelting processes, the SSS slags can be divided into SAF slag, EAF slag and AOD slag. Actually, with the rapid development of ferronickel smelting production, a large number of SAF slags are generated nowadays, and the existence of chromium is very complicated in the SAF slag (mainly in the spinel phase).

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Slag: From By-product to Valuable Construction …

Slag is a by-product of the metallurgical smelting process. Slag has a double role: it permits removal of impurities, known as gangue, from the melt by forming oxides. It also allows exchange reactions with the liquid metal, …

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Steel slag in China: Treatment, recycling, and management

The generation of steel slag usually depends on the smelting process, Si content, and use of dolomite (Gao et al., 2015). The CaO/SiO 2 ratio often is used as the basis for determining the amount of lime required; lime plays the primary role in controlling the amount, chemical composition, and mineral composition of the slag (Kitamura et al ...

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Utilization of steel slag in air pollution and greenhouse gas …

Steel slag, as a by-product of the steelmaking process, is an industrial waste formed from impurities in the metal raw material with fluxes and furnace linings. ... Due to the steelmaking furnace type, steel type and each furnace steel smelting stage makes the steel in the content of various components also has a big difference. Although the ...

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Evaluation of Potential Factors Affecting Steel Slag …

Steel slag is a solid waste product generated during the carbonation stage of steelmaking. It has high levels of heavy metals and substantial amounts of free calcium and magnesium oxide, making it unsuitable for use as a cement material. Furthermore, the disposal of steel slag in landfills requires many resources and can seriously contaminate the surrounding …

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Comprehensive Utilization Technology of Steel Slag

The deposit volume of steel slag in China exceeds 400 million tons, leading to the occupation of a large area of land and serious environment pollution. ... In the in-box hot splash method, the steel slag pot is hung directly from the steel smelting workshop to the slag-storing groove with three sides constructed and beset with billet steel ...

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Recent research progress on recycling metallurgical waste slag …

The produced hot metal is used for smelting sulfur/phosphorus-containing steel (such as free-cutting steel and high-strength steel plates), and the purified waste slag is used for secondary steelmaking production, to achieve the goal …

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Vanadium extraction from steel slag: Generation, recycling …

Steel slag, a solid waste that has been widely discussed, is generated as a by-product of the metallurgical and steel production industries (Das et al., 2021). ... Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag, and Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, depending on the smelting method employed (Das et al., 2021; An et al., 2023). Basic properties of steel slag. Steel ...

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Slag | Iron Smelting, Steelmaking, Refining

Slag, by-product formed in smelting, welding, and other metallurgical and combustion processes from impurities in the metals or ores being treated. Slag consists mostly of mixed oxides of elements such as silicon, sulfur, …

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Steel Slag

Slag processors may handle a variety of materials such as steel slag, ladle slag, pit slag, and used refractory material to recover steel metallics. These materials must be source separated, and well-defined handling practices must be in place to avoid contamination of the steel slag aggregate.

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Slag-What is it Good for? | U.S. Geological Survey

We looked specifically at ferrous slag, the leftover material from the smelting of iron and steel, in the Chicago-Gary area of Illinois and Indiana. Ferrous slag is currently underutilized. Although the construction industry does …

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Steel Slag—Its Production, Processing, Characteristics, and

This paper reviews the production, processing, and characteristics of steel slag, and its use as a cementing component in different cementing systems. The chemical …

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Vanadium extraction from steel slag: Generation, recycling …

The problem of steel slag could be solved by expanding the utilization ways of steel slag. At present, steel slag has been used in the production of cement, the construction of urban roads and the production of fertilizer (Fronek et al., 2012; Jiang et al., 2018b; Shi and Qian, 2000; Wang and Cai, 2006).In developed countries, the utilization rate of steel slag is close to …

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Life cycle assessment of melting reduction treatment for iron and steel

Blast furnace slag is the waste slag discharged from smelting pig iron in the blast furnace, belonging to the water-quenched slag. It has good potential hydraulic properties and can be used as high-quality cement raw material or substitute part of cement for concrete production. ..., and steel slag sand (particle size > 0.1 mm). The small ...

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Smelting Metal: How It Works

In addition to the desired metal, a by-product is also produced, termed slag. Slag is an impurity extracted from the metal ore itself. A brief history. Smelting has been used to make key tools and weapons as far back as ancient history. The technique dates back to 5000 BCE, when the first metal, copper, was smelted in the Middle East.

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Application of Steel Slag as an Aggregate in Concrete …

Steel slag is a solid waste produced in crude steel smelting, and a typical management option is stockpiling in slag disposal yards. Over the years, the massive production of steel slags and the continuous use of residue yards have led to vast occupation of land resources and caused severe environmental concerns. Steel slag particles can potentially be …

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An overview of utilization of slag and sludge from steel industries

The recovery of metal values from steel slag was carried out by addition of small quantity of mineral additive into the molten slag followed by crystallization of the slag. ... Beside the smelting studies, roasting with NaCl, Na 2 CO 3 followed by leaching in dilute HNO 3 were also carried out. It was possible to remove around 50% of the ...

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Slag | Iron Smelting, Steelmaking, Refining | Britannica

Slag, by-product formed in smelting, welding, and other metallurgical and combustion processes from impurities in the metals or ores being treated. Slag consists mostly of mixed oxides of elements such as silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, and aluminum; ash; …

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Basics of slag production

Slag from the production of ferrochrome is also included here; this material is produced in substantial tonnages and the main use of ferrochrome is in the steel industry. …

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Characteristics and environmental aspects of slag: A review

Slag examined in this study is defined as the predominantly silicate and oxide by-product derived from smelting metallic ore. The two main types of slag included in this discussion are from the primary production of ferrous ores, from iron and steel manufacturing, and from non-ferrous ores, from the recovery of base metals and some precious metals.

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Recovery of Cu-Fe Alloy from Copper Smelting Slag

Copper smelting slag usually contains 1–6 wt% copper, which can be recovered by pyrometallurgical and flotation processes. However, the tailing slags still consist of 0.3–0.7 wt% Cu and 35–45 wt% Fe equivalents to those in the copper and iron ores, respectively. Most of the research was focused on the recovery of iron from the tailing slags. Copper can increase the …

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Composition of the reactivity of engineered slags from …

Composition of the reactivity of engineered slags from bauxite residue and steel slag smelting and use as SCM for Portland cement. Author links open overlay panel Frank Bullerjahn ... the soundness of air-cooled steel slag, i.e. its ability to retain its form, hardness and volume after cooling, is a critical problem, linked to the presence ...

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Sustainable Utilization of Steel Slag from Traditional …

With the rapid development of China's steel industry, rising rates of steel production have led to the increase of steel slag emissions. Steel slag is a kind of industrial solid waste produced in the process of iron and steel smelting, and its emission is about 15 wt%–20 wt% of crude steel output [].According to the data released by the World Iron and Steel …

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Sintering, microstructure and mechanical properties of …

Steel slag is a promising source of ceramic materials, but it causes a waste of iron resources and inferior ceramic performance because the slag contains over 30 % iron oxides. ... To deal with this problem, we proposed a two-step utilization process for steel slag, including iron extraction by smelting reduction and ceramics preparation from ...